Hinduism and Islam a comparative study | Compare Religions

Hinduism and Islam a comparative study
in theory the Hinduism and islam are very similar and many concepts are in exact confirmity to each other.
Published On 08/16/2008
yaseer

Islam and Vedanta or the Advaita

Muslims believe that the Almighty has sent prophets and books to all corners of the Earth to civilize the humans and teach them the Tawheed which is the oneness of  God. While trying to view Hinduism in this context we find that many Quranic stories like those of Nooh, Lut, Abraham and Moses are also found in Hindu traditions, although the names of characters are different. The Vedantic concept of Advaita is similar to Tawheed which is the primary and most important part of Islam .

  Advaita meaning without a second is derived from Upanishdas. The philosophy of advaita states that There is only one supreme being and he is the only truth everything else is a part of the supreme reality or that Brahmaan and is illusion (Maya). The Tradition of Wahdatul Wajood in Islam states that the existence of the Sublime Being of the Almighty is compulsory and whatever else exists, is the manifestation of Allah and the spiritual part of Allah. Thus, in reality, there is only one single existence (i.e. Allah). The only difference lies in the concept that in Advaita the creator and the creation are same i.e. The Universe or Brahmaan whereas in Islam the creator and creation are different, Allah is the creator of the Universe. However, this difference is also evident in the Theories of Shankaracharya who believes in the former and the Ramanujam who insisted that God and man are different existence or being and not one.These are, however, minor differences and in fact should be welcomed as these invite discussion and research and thus increase the interest of Scholars as well as common people.  

In practice though, these differences are overwhelmed by the belief in one God who is Omnipotent and Omnipresent in his wisdom. The modern master of Vedanta Swami Vivekananda observed “ I believe it (Advaita and Vedanta) is the religion of the future enlightened humanity...I am firmly persuaded that without the help of practical Islam, theories of Vedantism, however fine and wonderful they maybe, are entirely valueless to the vast mass of mankind...For our own motherland a junction of the two great systems, Hinduism and Islam - Vedanta brain and Islam body - is the only hope...” and “our experience is that if ever the followers of any religion approach to this (Advaita) in an appreciable degree in the plane of practical work-a-day life-it may be quite unconscious generally of the deeper meaning and the underlying principle of such conduct, which the Hindus as a rule so clearly perceive - it is those of Islam and Islam alone....”. 

Those performing Yoga will appreciate that the effect Asanas of Yoga produce to rejuvenate the body and mind can also be produced by the movement of a person practicing Salat (Namaz) five times a day as all the joints of body are stretched and person focuses himself as if he is seeing the God as a universe or as a point and thus his body and noistrils are cleaned by Wadu and soul by the meditation. However, it doesn't mean that anyone of these can replace the other because the specific needs of the two are different.

Many great Muslim Scholars and Poets like Ibn Al Arabi, Ghazali, Rumi, Iqbal and others have given theories which directly or indirectly confirm the Advaita so we have two great religions which are so similar in their approach and theory yet as distinct in practice as Islam and Hinduism. All the great reformers of modern times like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Dayananda Saraswati, Vivekananda etc. tried to bridge this gap by telling people to shun Idol Workship.  

Yasser Iqbal Kidwai

 
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Posted By yasser on 07/21/2008

ok i thought that scholors like Dyananda Sraswati were staunch opposers of Idol Worship but now i come to know thru' u that they beleived that Idol Worship should not be practiced now.

Posted By Akhilesh Mattoo on 07/21/2008

Well, It is nicely written.But i have a pint here , Idol worshipping is not shunned but has to follow a particular ritual, these rituals had meaning in the vedic times but the present population does no know them hence worshipping the almoighty in infinite form of infiite positive energy makes much more sense in present times. All religions are one and equal. The more you see witha positive eye , the more equal and united they will become. Regards Akhilesh Mattoo

Posted By YOUSUF GABRIEL on 04/13/2009

THE CORRECTIVENESS GIVEN BY THE QURAN TO CHRISTIAN RELIGION. BY ALLAMA MUHAMMAD YOUSUF GABRIEL The Quran has given correctives to Christian religion, and has cleared up the huge mass of innovations of doctrinal nature, that was amassed gradually in course of time on the basic doctrines of Christian Gospel. Had the followers of Christian religion, hearkened to the warnings of the Quran and adopted the correctives provided by that book, there would have appeared no Baconian Philosophy, and consequently no atomic hell. The Christians, however, may, if they so desire, shift the blame onto the Muslims for the latters' having neglected the preaching of Islamic Doctrines on International Basis. To which the Muslims may reply if they so desire, that the Christian could not have heard then if they had so done. The punishment of atomic hell however is decreed for both the Christians as well as the Muslims, and they could dispute the matter in the atomic hell. This same question, that of the Muslims' conduct as regards their responsibility for preaching Islamic Doctrines throughout the world, may be raised on the day of judgment as a result of the counter accusations of the Non-Muslim nations against the Muslims. In the following we will dwell on the correctives given by the Quran to Christianity:- 1. DEIFICATION OF JESUS Jesus was raised to the status of God and thus the priests became the deputies of God, and assumed unlimited powers and authority. And then abused their authority to an extent that it resulted in the disappearance of the Christian religion, and the appearance of Baconian Philosophy, and consequently the appearance of Atomic Hell of this world as well as of the next eternal world. The Quran said:- "They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! God is messiah, son of Mary. Messiah (himself) said : O children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord". (Quran 2 x 72) Christ has said:- “My God is one God; there is no God but He". (Gospel ST John XX-17) Quran has said:- “Your God is one God; there is no God other than He, the compassionate, ever-merciful". (Quran 2 x 163) Gospel said:- “The Lord our God is one Lord".(Gospel ST Mark XII-29) Quran said:- “Lo! Allah pardoneth not that partners should be ascribed unto Him. He pardoneth all save that to whom he will". (Quran 4 x 116) Gospel has said:- " Wherefore I say unto you, all manner of sin, and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men: But the blasphemy (against) the Holy Ghost shall not be forgiven unto men. And whosoever speaketh a word against the son of man, it shall be forgiven him: But whosoever speaketh against the Holy Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, neither in the (world) to come". (Gospel ST Mathew XII 31-32) Quran has said:- "When Allah saith : O Jesus son of Mary! Didst thou say unto mankind, take me and my mother as two Gods besides Allah? He saith: Be glorified ! It was not mine to utter that to which I had no right. If I used to say it, then thou knewst it. Thou knewst what is in my mind, and I know not what is in thy mind. Lo! Thou, only thou art the knower of things hidden. I spake unto them only that which thou commandest me, saying: Worship Allah, My lord and your Lord, I was a witness of them while I dwelt among them, and when thou tookest me thou wast the watcher over them. Thou art witness over all things. If thou punish them, Lo! They are thy slaves, and if thou forgive them (Lo! They are thy slaves). Lo! Thou only thou art the mighty, the wise. Allah saith this is a day in which their truthfulness profiteth the truthful, for their's are gardens under which rivers flow, wherein they are secure for ever, Allah taking pleasure in them and they in Him. That is the great triumph".(Quran 5 x 116-119) Christ in Gospel said the same as follows:- “I have manifested thy name unto the men which thou gavest me out of the world. Thine they were, and thou gavest them me, and they have kept thy word. Now they have known that, all things whatsoever thou hast given me are of thee. For I have given unto them the words which thou gavest me; and they have received (them), and have known surely that I come out from thee, and they have believed that thou didst send me. I pray for them: I pray not for the world, but for them which thou hast given me; for they are thine,and thine are mine, and I am glorified in them. And now I am no more in the world, but these are in the world, and I come to thee. Holy father, keep through thine own name those whom thou hast given me, that they may be one, as we (are). While I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: Those that thou gavest me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition, that the scripture might be fulfilled. And come I to thee; and these things I speak in the world, that they might have my joy fulfilled in themselves". (Gospel-ST Mathew XVII-5-13) The Quran said:- “Say: (O Muslims) : We believe in Allah and that which is revealed unto us, and that which was revealed unto Abraham, and Ismael and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and that which Moses and Jesus received and that which the prophets received from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and unto Him we have surrendered". (Quran 2x 136) Christ said:- “Have ye not read that which was spoken unto you by God saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?". (Gospel-ST Mathew XXII-31-32) The Quran said:- “The messiah will never scorn to be a slave unto Allah, nor will the favoured angels". (Quran-4 x 172) AND " It is not (possible) for any human being unto whom Allah had given scripture and wisdom and the prophethood that he should afterwards have said unto mankind: Be slaves of me instead of Allah, but (what he said was) : Be ye faithful servants of the Lord". (Quran- 3 x 79). (2). JESUS NOT THE SON OF GOD It is a great blasphemy to call anyone the son of God. Firstly it destroys the whole basis of the religion of God, one God. Secondly it excludes the possibility of a belief in any other Prophet after the son of God. And thirdly there is the possibility of the followers of the son of God to become careless and negligent, of religion, even proud, due to so close a relation of their prophet with God. Fourthly it confers great powers on the priest and a high status, with dire consequences. This doctrine, that of the son of God, too has considerable share in creating circumstances favourable to the appearance of Baconian Culture, and the Atomic Hell. The phrase, son of God which was used by Jesus for himself as well as for others meant no more than a life devoted to the service of God. But later on it became to be applied literally and became an obstacle in the way of the guidance which God wanted to give to mankind after Jesus. The Quran says:- "They ascribe as partners unto Him (God) the Jinn, although He did create them, and impute falsely, without knowledge, sons and daughters unto Him. Glorified be He and high exalted above (all) that they ascribe (unto Him). The originator of the heavens and the earth: How he can have a child, when there is for Him no consort, when He created all things and is aware of all things. Such is Allah, your Lord. There is no God save Him, the Creator of all things, so worship him. And he taketh care of all things. Vision comprehendeth Him not, but He comprehendeth (all) vision. He is subtle, the aware".(Quran 6 x 101-104) AND "The Jews say: Ezra is the son of God; and the Christian say : The Messiah is the son of God. That is their saying with their mouths. They imitate the saying of those who disbelieved of old. Allah (himself) fighteth against them. How perverse are they? They have taken as Lords besides Allah their rabbis and their monks and the Messiah son of Mary, and they were bidden to worship only one God. There is no God save Him. Be He glorified from all that they ascribe as partners (unto Him)". (Quran- 9 x 30-31) AND "Who can do aught against Allah, if He had willed to destroy the Messiah son of Mary, and his mother and everyone on earth. Allah's is the sovereignty of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them. He createth what He will. And Allah is able to do all things". (Quran 5 x 17-18) AND "Lo! The likeness of Jesus with Allah is as the likeness of Adam. He created him of dust, then He said unto him: Be! And he is. (This is) the truth of thy Lord, so be not thou of those who waver". (Quran 3 x 59-60) AND "Say : O people of the scripture ! come to a just judgment between us and you: that we shall worship none but Allah, and that we shall take others for Lords beside Allah. And if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are they who have surrendered (unto him)". (Quran-3 x 64) AND "And whoso disputeth thee concerning him (Jesus) after the knowledge which hath come unto thee, say (unto him): Come ! We will summon our sons and your sons, and our women and your women, and ourselves and yourselves, then we will pray humbly (to our Lord) and (solemnly) invoke the curse of Allah upon those who lie. Lo! This verily is the true narrative. There is no God save Allah, and Lo! Allah is the mighty, the wise. And if they turn away, then Lo! Allah is aware of (who are) the corrupters". (Quran-3 x 61-63) We find in the Bible the term "The Son of God". But it actually meant no more than a person whose life was devoted to the cause of God. But unfortunately in later times the people began to take the meanings of this term literally, that amounted to dire blasphemy against God. The actual purport of this term may clearly be understood from the following statement of Jesus Christ. According to which not only to Jesus himself, but to the entire community of men God was as father. Jesus said:- “I ascend unto my father and your father, and to my God and your God". (Gospel ST John XX 17) (3). THE TRINITY The doctrine of trinity of Christian religion was given to mean something of a union of three person (Father, son and Holy Spirit) in one Godhead. This was a doctrine so exceedingly subtle that even its founders themselves were at a loss to comprehend or describe it satisfactorily. It is generally believed that word triad or trinity was first introduced into Christian Theology by Theophibus, Bishop of Antioch after the Middle of Second Century of the Christian era. The idea of trinity in the beginning sprang up from logos. The Logos had been described in Platonic Philosophy to possess unique divine attributes. The Christian revelation which was consummated under the Reign of Nerva, disclosed to the world the amazing secret that the Logos, who was with God from the beginning and was God, who had made all things, and for whom all things had been made, was incarnate in the person of Jesus of nazareth, who had been born of a virgin, and suffered death on the cross. This very blasphemous doctrine did not go unchallenged. It proved to be a signal for a great controversy which raged for a considerable time in the Christendom, till eventually the doctrine was established as an article of Christian faith, though it was never understood or expressed in a convincing manner. "The most sagacious of the Christian Theologians, the great Athanasius himself, has candidly confessed, that whenever he forced his understanding to meditate on the divinity of Logos, his toilsome and unavailing efforts recoiled on themselves, that the more he thought, the less he comprehended; and the more he wrote, the less capable was he of expressing his thoughts". (Decline and Fall of Roman Empire Vol-II. Page 384-385) The Quran says:- "O People of scripture, do not exaggerate in your religion nor utter aught concerning Allah, save the truth. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was only a messenger of Allah, and His word which He conveyed unto Mary, and a spirit from Him. So believe in Allah and his messengers, and say not three----cease (It is) better for you----Allah is only one God. Far is it removed from His transcendent majesty that He should have a son. His is all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth. And Allah is sufficient as defender". (Quran- 4 x 171) AND "They surely disbelieve who say: Allah is the third of three; when there is no God save the one God. If they desist not from so saying, a painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve. Will they not rather turn unto Allah and seek forgiveness of Him? For Allah is forgiving, merciful".(Quran-5 x 73-74) The Quran has warned of a painful doom, and now a painful doom is about to fall on the Christian west, and along with the Christian west and entire world. (4). ATONEMENT OF SINS The Christ died on the cross and the sins of his followers were expiated, was yet another doctrine which could be a great cause of men's neglect of good deeds in the hope of salvation on the dint of faith in a particular doctrine, no matter how superfluous and unreasonable that doctrine may be. Christ himself has contradicted the doctrine of atonement. Says He:- "Not every one that faith unto me. Lord, shall enter into the Kingdom of Heaven; but he that doeth the will of my father which is in the Heaven". (Gospel ST Mathew VII-21) The Quran has said:- "No burdened soul shall bear the burden of another. And if the heavy laden soul cry out for its burden to be carried, yet shall not aught of it be carried, even by the near of kin. Thou shalt warn those only who fear their Lord in secret, and observe prayer. And whosoever shall keep himself pure, he purifieth himself for his own behoof: for unto God shall be the final gathering". (Quran 35 x 18) AND “Hath he not been told of what is in the pages of Moses? And of Abraham faithful to his pledge? That no burdened soul shall bear the burdens of another, and that nothing shall be reckoned to a man but that for which he hath made efforts: And that his efforts shall at last be seen (in their true light) : That then he shall be recommenced with a most exact recompense, and that unto thy Lord is the return of all things". (Quran 53 x 36-42) AND "Guard yourselves against a day when no soul will in aught avail another, nor will inter cession be accepted from it, nor will compensation be received from it, nor will they be helped". (Quran 2 x 48) AND "And they say: None entereth paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian. These are their own desires. Say: Bring your proof (of what ye state) if ye are truthful". (Quran 2 x 111) (5). KNOWLEDGE Knowledge was proscribed by the Christian Church. But Quran allowed and the Prophet of Islam, (peace be upon him), insisted on the acquirement of knowledge with considerable emphasis. He, however, discriminated between the desirable and undesirable kinds of knowledge. This modern Baconian knowledge (Science) as it is in this Baconian set up, and is a mere means of the acquirement of wealth and worldly necessities, could hardly find its place in the list of the kinds of desirable knowledge. However, the ignorance of the Christian people played a prominent part in the acceptance of Bacon's philosophy for their not recognizing the true reality thereof. The Quran allows knowledge and says "Say, My Lord increase me in knowledge". (Quran 20 x 114) AND “The erudite among his bondsmen fear Allah alone". (Quran 35 x 28) AND "As for these similitudes, we coin them for mankind, but none will grasp their meaning save the learned". (Quran 29 x 43) The Prophet of Islam, (peace be upon him)said:- "The Acquirement of Knowledge is a duty on every Muslim, male and female, from cradle to grave". Difference, however, has to be made between good and bad knowledge. (6). MONASTICISM The greatest damage to Christian religion has been done by the system of Priesthood. Islam proscribed it. The Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him) curtly said: "No Monasticism in Islam". And the Quran says:- " We put in the hearts of those who followed him (Jesus) kindness and mercy: and as for monkery, they invented it----we did not prescribe it to them---only to seek God's pleasure, but they did not observe it with its due observance, so we gave their reward to those of them who believed, and most of them are transgressors". (Quran 57 x 27) (7). MONARCHY If on the one hand, the people of the Christian west were being pestered by the Hierarchical Priesthood, on the other hand, they were suffering persecution by the absolute sovereignty. Islam abolished the system of absolute sovereignty and dynestical monarchy and introduced the system of caliphate, to mean, that one of the people, the most pious among them, was to manage the affairs of the state by consultation. And he was to be elected. And he was to be the head of both the secular and the religious side. The experiment was a success. The Caliph lived the life of an ordinary commoner. But perhaps the standard kept by the first four Caliphs was too high. Thereafter caliphate was abrogated and the old system of absolute monarchy was restored. Whatever be the case, an example was set that was worth following to avoid unpleasant consequences. The Quran says about the Muslims:- " Their affairs are guided by mutual counsel". (Quran 42 x 38) (8). ABIDANCE BY THE GOSPEL AND THE TORAH The Quran advised them to observe the Torah and the Gospel:- " Let the people of the Gospel judge by that which Allah hath revealed therein. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed, such are evil-livers". (Quran 5 x 47) AND “If they had observed the torah and the Gospel and that which was revealed unto them from their Lord, they would surely have been nourished from above them and from beneath their feet. Among them there are people who are moderate, but may of them are of evil conduct". (Quran 5 x 66) They however, could not content themselves with the nourishment to be provided by their God, and they preferred the Baconian method of worldly, incessant, endeavour, and they achieved remarkable success, but the end proved to be tragic. They have prepared for themselves and for the rest of mankind, the atomic hell as the consequence of their material philosophy of Baconian Atomism. (9). RESTRAINT ON NECESSITIES OF LIFE RELEASED Restraint on the necessities of life was a particular feature of Christian religion inspite of the luxurious lives of the prelates and bishops. This forced restraint had a considerable share in the transition of the west from Christian austerity to Baconian luxury. The people of the West, tired of the prolonged Christian fast, and yearning after the luxurious feast of nature, slipped into the Baconian world of material utility. Islam on the other hand, sensed this danger in the weakness of human nature and allowed the acquirement of the reasonable necessities of life. The Quran says:- " Say: who hath forbidden the adornment of Allah which he hath brought forth for his bondsman, and the good things of his providing? Say: Such on the day of resurrection, will be only for those who believed during the life of the world. Thus do we detail our revelations for people who have knowledge. Say: My Lord only forbiddeth indecencies, such as of them as are apparent and such as are within, and sin and wrongful oppression, and that ye associate with Allah that for which no warrant hath been revealed, and that ye tell concerning Allah that which ye know not". (Quran-7 x 32-33) We have brought the main headings of the correctives offered by the Quran to the Christian community to an end. Had the Christian community paid heed to the advice of the Quran, and had they reformed their religion accordingly, they certainly would have escaped the atomic doom. And along with them this world would have escaped the horrible doom of atomic annihilation. But so complex had become their religious system and consequently their malady, that their religion had become almost proof to any reform whatsoever. The doctrine of Christ's Godhead, and that of his being the son of God, had excluded any possibility of a prophet appearing after him, or of caring to listen to the teachings of any one who claimed a divine mission. The Christian priesthood was so frightened by and indeed so incensed against the religion of Islam due to the abolition of priesthood, monasticism and monkery, that in order to save their invested interests and personal empire, the Christian priesthood did whatever it was possible to portray and present Islam in such horrid forms as would frighten the Christian community. The world of the Priest was accepted as truth by the people due to general ignorance and superstition. Centuries passed like that, till at last the Christian priesthood appeared to the Christian people as something to get rid of at any cost. The West then had wanted an outlet. Recourse to Islam was out of question. Persons were there who endeavored to reform Christian religion. Some of them had aimed at a return to the simplicity of Jesus in faith and life, and taught the imitation of Christ and a life of poverty and service. This was neither in the interest nor to the liking of the Christian Church. Many of these reformers were burned alive by the command of the Council of Constancy. It was by a decree of the Council of Constancy in 1415, that the remains of wycliff an English reformer were ordered to be dug up and burned, an order which was carried out at the command of Pope Martin V by Bishop Fleeming in 1428. John Huss a learned Zech, a reformer of Christian religion was invited to the Council of Constancy under promise of a safe conduct from the Emperor, was seized, put on trial for heresy and burned alive in 1415. Waldo in the South of France taught a return to the simplicity of Jesus in faith and life. Innocent III preached a crusade against the waldeness, Waldo's followers, and permitted them to be suppressed with fire, sword, rap and the most abominable cruelties. When ST. Francis of Assisi (1181-1226) taught the imitation of Christ and a life of poverty and service, his followers, the Franciscans, were persecuted, scourged, imprisoned and dispersed. In 1318 four of them were burned alive at Marseilles. On the other hand the fiercely orthodox order of the Dominicans, founded by St. Dominic (1170-1221) was strongly supported by Innocent III, who with its assistance set up an organization, the inguisition, for the hunting of heresy, and the affliction of free thought. The result was that the west went headlong into the Baconian culture, and consequently fell into atomic hell, and dragged behind it the entire world. Only if they had examined the case of Islam, they would have found the remedy for all their ills, and would have saved themselves from so severe a punishment as atomic hell, and had along with them saved this entire world from the nuclear calamity. The story of Christianity has been made indeed painful by the Christian Church. All that painful history of Christianity with all its harrowing tales of people and princely persecutions and oppression is before me. And indeed it makes me sad at heart. And painful no doubt is the doctrinal confusion of Christian religion. But what I say after I have made all the calculations is that the state of Christian community inspite of all their afflictions in the premodern era was preferable to this modern state of material bliss, for its end is not well and its afflictions are eternal, for they will accompany to the next world, while its bliss is transitory only and fleeting. THE BIBLE'S AND QURAN'S RELATIVE FRAME OF REFERENCE Hitherto we have discussed the basic theological relation existing between the Gospel of Jesus Christ and the Quran. We will now typify by means of an example the relation in which the entire Bible in general (from Genesis to the Gospel) and the Quran stand relatively from the angle of gradual development. Yousuf_gabriel@yahoo.com www.oqasa.org quaid e Azam Street Nawababad Wah Cantt Distt Rawalpindi Pakistan

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Posted By Villas for Rent in Italy on 01/07/2012

Many great Muslim Scholars and Poets like Ibn Al Arabi, Ghazali, Rumi, Iqbal and others have given theories which directly or indirectly confirm the Advaita so we have two great religions which are so similar in their approach and theory yet as distinct in practice as Islam and Hinduism. All the great reformers of modern times like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Dayananda Saraswati, Vivekananda etc. tried to bridge this gap by telling people to shun Idol Workship.

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